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Citation helps for seminary writing: Home

Citation helps, style guides, footnotes, bibliographies

Citing sources in seminary research

Why cite sources?

Why do we use footnotes and bibliographies in papers?  That's a question many students have asked for a long time!  Aside from the "your professors require it" kind of answer, there are actually good reasons for doing so.

  1. Giving credit where credit is due.  When you read the work of other writers and benefit from them, you should let others know who came up with those thoughts.  On the one hand, it is a courtesy to the authors.  On the other hand it means you're not stealing ideas and passing them off as your own (and avoids copyright violations).
  2. Verification of scholarship.  Footnotes and bibliographies allow your professors to check the accuracy of your claims as you write.  It's even more important if you end up publishing articles or books.
  3. Helping fellow researchers.  If your work is read by other people, whether published officially or informally, citations give a roadmap for others to follow.  They may find one citation you list to be intriguing, and from there they can go to the original source themselves and do more research.
  4. Aiding your memory.   Whether you simply write a paper for a class or something more complex, footnotes and bibliographies will help you remember later on where you found helpful information.  You may be sick of that paper by the time you turn it in, but someday you may find a need to come back to that topic, and all of a sudden those annoying footnotes will come in handy.

Citation software tools

Many students will find that using a citation tool will help them as they work through papers for individual courses and much more so as they work on their final project.  

The list below is by no means exhaustive, and new tools appear from time to time.

The main point is to find a tool that will work best with how you do your research and writing.  If you don't like a tool, you won't use it.  Your best bet may be to try some of the free tools first, and then if those don't appeal to you, perhaps you will invest in one of the other tools.  

Keep in mind you want a tool that will allow you to export citations in Turabian format (see Formatting tab).

  • BibMe (free)  - Web based tool for tracking citations.  May not be robust enough for larger bibliographies. 
  • Citation Machine - A site for checking papers for plagiarism, grammar, etc.  Limited free access.
  • End Note Web (free) - Web based tool for tracking citations.
  • KnightCite - generates citations in Chicago (Turabian), APA, or MLA formats.
  • Mendeley (free) - Web based tool for tracking citations.
  • Nota Bene - Web based tool for tracking citations as well as for writing.  Free trial version.
  • Ref Works - Web based tool for tracking citations. Free trial version.
  • Zotero (free) - Web based tool for tracking citations.  May not work with all browsers.
  • Evernote - More of a writing tool than a citation tool, but can be used in tandem with citation tools.  Basic version is free.
  • Memonic - Mainly a writing tool.  A limited free version is available.
  • Scrivener - Perhaps more of a writing tool than a mere citation tool, but it does do the latter.  Relatively inexpensive.

None of these tools are perfect!  After you import citations into your paper, you still need to check them for completeness and accuracy (no blaming the program!). 

Style guides for seminary writing

The SBL Handbook of Style (2nd edition) is commonly used in Biblical studies courses as the format for citing resources.  There is no online version of the tool, so you will need to purchase a copy or use a copy in your library.  A summary of changes in the 2nd edition can be found here.  You may also find the Student Supplement for The SBL Handbook of Style to be helpful.

Some citation management software tools do not incorporate SBL style.  In such cases, Turabian/Chicago may be the closest proximate style but will still require editing to bring your notes and bibliography in line with SBL style.

Go here for guidance on adding SBL 2nd edition to Zotero style guides, 

A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Disserations9th ed., by Kate L. Turabian, et. al.  

This work, typically referred to simply as 'Turabian' because of the original editor, is a very common style guide in seminary courses.  It is actually a brief version of the Chicago Manual of Style, and thus if you need more in depth help you should refer to the Chicago Manual.  In addition, the first section of Turabian incorporates much material from the book, The Craft of Research (ed. by Wayne Booth et. al.); so in essence you get two very helpful resources in one.

You can view a Turabian quick guide, but DO NOT RELY NOT THAT PAGE ALONE!  You still need the actual book as a resource (print or e-book).

 

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition) is often the style guide of choice for counseling courses (check with your professor to be certain).

 

 

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